→ Georgia and Armenia can establish a formal bilateral cooperation framework to jointly engage in the devel­opment and implementation of the Black Sea Sub­marine Electricity Cable(BSEC) project. While Geor­gia serves as the physical gateway to the EU through the submarine link to Romania, Armenia can contrib­ute strategically by integrating its renewable and low-carbon electricity – particularly from solar, wind, and nuclear – into the shared export mix. This collab­oration would strengthen regional energy interde­pendence and enable Armenia to benefit indirectly from access to the EU electricity market. 3. Strengthening Regional Energy Security and ­Sustainability → Develop shared contingency plans and operational re­serve mechanisms to manage seasonal and demand-­related imbalances. This can reduce reliance on im­ports and increase resilience during emergencies or supply disruptions. → Invest in regional digital platforms to enhance fore­casting, load management, and integration of varia­ble renewable energy. 4. Enhancing Institutional Capacity and Stakeholder Engagement → Support institutional capacity-building through EU-funded training programs and knowledge-sharing platforms, especially targeting grid operators, regula­tors, and local governments. → Foster public awareness and regional trust through joint outreach efforts, emphasising the socio-econo­mic and environmental benefits of regional energy integration. By implementing these recommendations, Georgia and Ar­menia can build a more resilient, interconnected, and de­carbonised electricity system that contributes to regional stability and advances mutual interests within the frame­work of the EU’s energy transition and climate objectives. 18 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e.V.