that could have been resolved early can become more se­rious and more costly over time, for both the individual and public services. At the same time, the»integration« landscape is often fragmented. The integration process involves interactions with many different government institutions, as well as NGOs and community organisations, each with their own responsibilities and ways of working. For newcomers, this can make services difficult to navigate. For service pro­viders and cities, it can lead to duplication of work, gaps in support and unnecessary pressure on already stretched services. Across Europe, so-called»one-stop-shops«(OSS) have emerged as one response to these challenges. By bringing together a range of coordinated services and actors, they aim to provide a clearer and more accessible entry point to support systems. They can help to identify needs earli­er, improve coordination between services and create a more joined-up and welcoming approach to integration. One-stop-shops take different forms, depending on the local and national context. Some focus primarily on ac­cess to public services, while others combine integration support with community participation or neighbour­hood-based activities. What they have in common is the intention behind them to organise services around peo­ple’s needs rather than around institutional structures. Drawing on examples from across Europe, this report ex­plores how one-stop-shops can strengthen coordination, improve access to services and support integration from day one. It looks at different partnership models, service offers and target groups; presents examples of successful one-stop-shops; and concludes with a set of practical recommendations for public authorities and other stake­holders interested in developing the model further. One-stop-shops: purpose, potential and design principles »The Welcome Points are visible as neighbourhood places of encounter and integration. They encourage and empower joint action within the social space.« Düsseldorf’s guiding principle for Welcome Points. A one-stop-shop is a service delivery model that brings together a range of interlinked services and actors. In the context of migrant integration, the one-stop-shop model provides a common framework for services from local, re­gional and national governments and civil society to sup­port people in their integration into a new society and la­bour market. Usually, they provide access to multiple services in one place (physical, digital or networked), are based on cooper­ation between diverse service providers , and share ele­ments of common infrastructure , such as reception or in­terpretation. Potential advantages The potential advantages of a one-stop-shop are evident on three levels: for the places of arrival, for service provid­ers and for the newcomers themselves. With regard to places of arrival(neighbourhoods, cities, regions and states), a one-stop-shop can: → reduce costs through early and integrated support: by developing synergies and reducing duplication of proce­dures(for example, registering details, outlining issues), one-stop-shops can lower overall demands on services and contribute to cost-saving and more efficient integra­tion support; → develop a joined-up approach: different services sharing the same structure can help in the development of a shared reception model; → provide a visible commitment to inclusion: as an essen­tial arrival infrastructure, one-stop-shops symbolise a shared culture of welcome; → provide services to all residents and have the potential to support interaction and contribute to community co­hesion; → help places of arrival to detect emerging needs earlier and respond more quickly to changes or new demands. This supports a shift from reactive to more proactive ap­proaches to integration and improves readiness for fu­ture developments. For service providers, a one-stop-shop can contribute to: → More efficient use of time and resources: services can focus on their core role and rely on partners for comple­mentary support. This reduces repeated enquiries, avoids duplication of effort and makes better use of staff time. → Clearer pathways and less fragmentation in day-to-day work: working within a coordinated system improves in­formation sharing and helps individual services to im­prove their understanding of the wider support system. This can strengthen referrals and reduce the risk of users falling between gaps. → Responsiveness: regular interaction with partnering ser­vice providers allows services to identify issues earlier and adapt their support more quickly. One-stop-shops: coordinating integration from day one 2