Category Population(million) GDP(million 2010 US dollars) GDP(PPP)(million 2010 US dollars) Number 50.42 1,233 1,697 Energy production(million TOE 49.11 Net imports(million TOE) 232.84 Total primary energy supply(million TOE) 268.41 Electricity consumption(TWh) CO 2 emission(million TOE of CO 2 ) 532 567.81 Note: PPP=purchase price parity. Source: International Energy Agency, Key World Energy Statistics(Paris, 2016), accessed April 5, 2017. In 2015, the Republic of Korea had a power generation capacity of 97,648,761 kilowatt hours (kWh) and 528,091 gigawatt hours(GWh) of power generation. Thermal power(at 60.3 per cent) and nuclear power(at 31.2 per cent) produced the most electricity. Renewable energy combined with hydro electricity and alternative energy accounted for 4.4 per cent, whereas the share of coal was 39.3 per cent in 2015. 5 Table 3: Electricity capacity and generation in the Republic of Korea, 2015 Category Electricity capacity Electricity generation (kW)(% share)(GWh)(% share) Total 97,648,761 100.0 528,091 100.0 Hydro 6,470,709 6.6 5,796 1.1 Nuclear 21,712,683 22.2 164,762 31.2 District energy 5,360,020 5.5 22,019 4.2 Alternative energy 5,649,367 5.8 17,318 3.3 Thermal 58,452,981 59.9 318,196 60.3 Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Korea Energy Economics Institute, Yearbook of Energy Statistics(Seoul: Government of the Republic of Korea, 2016). T he term“new and renewable energy” is used in the Republic of Korea instead of“renewable energy”.“ New energy” includes hydrogen energy, fuel cells, energy from liquefied or gasified coal and energy from gasified heavy residual oil. Renewable energy includes solar energy, wind power, water power(also hydropower exceeding 10 MW), marine energy, geothermal energy, bio energy and energy waste material. Based on its definition of new and renewable energy, total primary energy in 2014 was 4.5 per cent; but when applying the renewable energy categories as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), it shrinks to nearly 1.1 per cent. 6 The gap is attributed to waste, which accounts for more than 60 per cent of new and renewable energy generation. Currently, waste includes waste heat from industries, which originates from fossil fuel. 2. Energy policy of the former government 5 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Korea Energy Economics Institute, Yearbook of Energy Statistics (Seoul: Government of the Republic of Korea, 2016). 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Factbook 2015 – 2016(Paris: OECD Publishing, 2016). 7