Gender Transformative Communication Framework The Gender Transformative Communication Framework on which this toolkit is based describes the degree and quality of gender responsiveness in specific types of communication materials, and whether each type may reduce, maintain or exacerbate gender discriminatory beliefs and attitudes. 3 The following table shows the characteristics of each communication approach with the added dimension of intersectionality and Global South-North relations. The intersectional approach and Global North-South relations were added due to the position of Asia in the Global South and because it is home to people of multiple identities. Kimberle Crenshaw’s(1991) intersectional approach highlights that people undergo various forms of marginalization based on their multiple identities. Hence, discrimination might be experienced not only on the gender axis but also on other axes such as religion or ethnicity. For example, in India a Dalit(low-caste) woman is likely to face more hardships than an upper-caste woman. The other dimension of assessment is Global North-South relations. The dominance of Western development paradigms, the legacy of colonial histories and a demeaning attitude towards underdeveloped countries as needing emancipation, are beliefs that can be examined through the framework. The framework is a useful guide for planning or assessment, and shows how textual and visual content move along the continuum from gender negative to transformative. 3 The framework is derived from the European Union’s Toolkit for Gender Sensitive Communication(2019) and UNICEF’s Gender Responsive Communication and Development: Guidance Tools and Resources(2018). 6 Principles of gender transformative communication