push through their extreme agendas. (3) Objective: Institutional reforms—such as permitting a runoff system, mixed-member pro­portional representation(MMPR), and regional parties—are required to secure political pluralism and evenly distribute executive power over-con­centrated in the presidency. nent of public education. In parallel, the political speech rights of teachers should be protected to strengthen civic capacity. 5. Key Task ④ — Rebuilding the Public Sphere, Expanding Inclusiveness, and Countering Hate and Conspiracy Theories 4. Key Task ③ — Strengthening Civic Capac­ity and Culture, and Restoring Democracy Education (1) Diagnosis: The disappearance of democratic civic education in schools was a recurring con­cern raised in the forums held in Daegu, Chun­cheon, and Seoul. The“political neutrality” clause of the Framework Act on Education has been misinterpreted as a blanket prohibition on polit­ical education, and even universities lack basic coursework on democracy—revealing the stark barrenness of the current educational environ­ment. (2) Deepening of the Problem: In a competi­tion-driven education system, young people are deprived of opportunities to learn and discuss democracy, rendering them either politically dis­engaged or highly vulnerable to extreme and dis­torted information. (3) Objective: To strengthen civic capacity, edu­cation in practical democracy and media literacy education that foster critical thinking and deliber­ative skills should be mandated as a core compo­(1) Diagnosis: The public sphere—the foundation of democracy—is deteriorating.(a) Hate and dis­crimination, which function as key drivers of an­ti-constitutional forces, are framed as“freedom of expression,” thereby justifying violence against minorities(as raised in the Gwangju, Chuncheon, and Seoul forums).(b) Regional media outlets, weakened by economic precarity, have lost their watchdog capacity, while in Seoul even public broadcasting(TBS) has been abolished—directly threatening the public sphere itself.(c) The public sphere has been become heavily polluted by ex­plicit false information and conspiracy theories— such as the justification of martial law or claims of electoral frauds—along with color-labeling that distorts historical facts, and hate expression to­ward minorities. (2) Objective: A healthy public sphere—one in which all citizens can participate safely—must be restored by legally and institutionally blocking the politics of hate that sustain anti-constitution­al forces, establishing platform accountability to disrupt the supply chains of hate speech and con­spiracy theories, and enacting a comprehensive anti-discrimination law. III. Specific Institutional Reform Measures 1. Investigating the December 3 Insurrection, Punishing Those Responsible, and Con­trolling Presidential Emergency Powers To fundamentally prevent a recurrence of the December 3 insurrection, constitutional and stat­utory amendments must be pursued to decen­10