In addition, transparency in party-run election campaigns should be improved. One option is to introduce an online political advertising library that publicly discloses the funding sources and targeted audiences of campaign ads, while allowing researchers access to the data for public-interest purposes. This would also enhance transparency throughout the electoral process. Furthermore, to lower barriers for political minorities, reforms should extend beyond the current zigzag quota for proportional female candidates. A representation index should be developed for diverse minority groups—including youth, persons with disabilities, migrants, and sexual minorities—and tied to party nomination support mechanisms such as subsidies. This would provide procedural guarantees for inclusive representation, while expanding as well as strengthening diversity and democracy within political parties. 3. Amendments to the Framework Act on Education and the Teachers’ Status Act— Democratizing Classrooms and Strengthening Democracy Education sations of political bias, teachers self-censor to the point that they shy away from teaching even basic democratic processes, such as the structure of the National Assembly or how elections work. The absence of democracy-related courses at the university level further illustrates how barren the landscape of democracy education has become. As noted in the Chuncheon forum, students are placed in an education system rooted in extreme competition, where peers are viewed not as collaborators but as adversaries to defeat. Raised in a“political clean room” with little opportunity to experience debate, cooperation, conflict, or negotiation—the fundamentals of democracy—young people either fall into political apathy(as seen in Daejeon’s so-called“no-comment city”) or readily absorb simplistic and provocative far-right narratives encountered on YouTube and online communities(e.g., election-fraud claims raised in Busan, or the Everytime forum discourse in Chuncheon) without critical reflection. b. Proposal ① : Making Democratic Civic Education Mandatory and Expanding Debate- and Cooperation-Based Learning a. Limitations of the Current“Politically Neutral” Education and the Harms of Competition-Centered Schooling The political indifference of younger generations and their vulnerability to extremist narratives— repeatedly identified across nationwide forums— stem from structural failures in the public education system. As teachers and students testified at the Daegu and Chuncheon forums, and as a university professor confirmed in Seoul, the“political neutrality” clause in the Framework Act on Education is being misapplied in practice as a de facto ban on political education or as justification for avoiding political topics altogether. Fearing accuThe sustainability of democracy depends on education. The“political neutrality” clause in the Framework Act on Education and its enforcement decree must be reinterpreted and revised to clearly distinguish political bias and democratic civic education. As proposed in the Chuncheon forum, the current competition-driven education environment—one that frames peers as adversaries—should be eased, and a fundamental shift is needed toward education that teaches justice and cooperation. To this end, Korean-style democratic civic education that cultivates critical thinking should be made a compulsory subject throughout elementary, middle, and high schools. Such education 14
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Comprehensive reform measures for strengthening and advancing democracy : based on nationwide regional forums held following the 2024 constitutional crisis
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