selves and the hate politics that constitute their social base and principal source of power. Pro­gressives, moderates, and constitution-respecting rational conservatives must stand together within this framework. The four reform pillars presented in his proposal—control of emergency powers, po­litical system reform, democratic civic education, and reconstruction of the public sphere—should function simultaneously as a defensive barrier preventing any recurrence of the December 3 in­surrection and as the foundation upon which Ko­rean democracy can move beyond the limitations of the 1987 system into a deeper, broader, and more inclusive stage of maturity. 19