Korea Media and Communications Commission must be reinforced so they can respond swiftly and firmly to such anti-constitutional content. d. Proposal ③ : Revitalizing Local Public Spheres(Communities) and Introducing Delib­erative Democracy The most pressing issue in Busan and Daejeon is narrow and biased public spheres, while in Seoul the public sphere itself came under repression— for example, through the abolition of the public broadcaster TBS under Mayor Oh Se-hoon. As noted in the Daejeon forum, the vicious cycle in which financially vulnerable local media grow de­pendent on advertising revenue—thereby losing their capacity for critical oversight and becoming subordinate to local government power or specif­ic ideological interests—must be broken. To address this, the Local Media Development Fund should be expanded to reinforce the pub­lic role of regional news organizations, alongside policies that support independent, public-interest media financed by reader subscriptions rather than advertising. Furthermore, as pointed out in the Seoul forum, steps must be taken to reverse the phenomenon in which civil society became “government-affiliated” through past private-pub­lic governance processes—resulting in a loss of autonomy and critical oversight—and to restore and strengthen its independence. It is also essential to overcome the widespread aversion to political dialogue identified in Daegu and Daejeon. As seen in the“fandom communi­ty” proposal from Daegu and book club activi­ties in Daejeon, physical and institutional spaces should be expanded—at both national and local levels—to allow citizens to exchange views safely through shared interests other than politics(com­munity support project). Beyond simple community support, an active re­building of the public sphere is needed through the institutionalization of citizen participation and deliberation. A National Civic Participation Committee(tentative name) should be estab­lished to design public deliberation policies on major national issues, and the introduction of a Citizens’ Assembly(tentative name) should be legislated so that citizens can directly participate in deliberation. This approach would help resolve the fragility of local public forums—demonstrat­ed by controversies such as the proposal to erect a Park Chung-hee statue in Daegu—and enable practical participatory democracy in which cit­izens deliberate and see their conclusions re­flected in policy. The cognitive divides such as election-fraud claims, which cannot be addressed by institutional reform alone, indicates the need to redesign systems of learning, discussion, and deliberation that engage the interconnected do­mains of knowledge, emotion, and identity. IV. Future Tasks and Reflections 1. Outstanding Tasks: Addressing Economic Inequality and Capital-Centric Concentra­tion This proposal has focused on urgent political and social institutional reforms needed in the after­math of the December 3 insurrection. However, forums across the country consistently identified economic inequality and precarious living condi­tions as the most fundamental soil from which the crisis of democracy has taken root. 17