enough. In India, often auto-rickshaw drivers are found to refuse rides to areas from where they are less likely to find a ride back, especially during off-peak hours. Similarly, ride-hailing drivers may also refuse rides to areas where they do not see commercial benefits. Until a few months ago, drivers working with ride-hailing service providers were not informed about the booked ride and destination until they picked up the person who had booked the ride. Now, it is possible for drivers to see the destination of the booked ride, and as reported by mobility service users and also newspapers, drivers cancel rides if they have reservations about going to that destination. This can lead to neglect of areas that may not be commercially advantageous. and occupational safety training; and higher vehicle safety, inspection, and insurance requirements. The smart mobility agenda must cover these topics. 2.6 Safety Ride-hailing is one of the most popular forms of smart mobility, especially in India. However, there have been some setbacks in terms of safety because cases of drivers' sexually assaulting female passengers have emerged in India: it has also been observed across the globe(Priya Uteng et al; 2019). In response to such incidents, companies have started conducting background checks on drivers and, in some case, provide the requisite sensitising training. This issue is, however, trickier than it seems. Under the model of the ride­sourcing services, drivers are often independent contractors who may be provided with incentives but are not subject to other employment conditions in some countries like the USA(APTA 2016). It must be noted that these efforts should have come in as preventive measures rather than as a response to women's safety needs. All collective and public transport solutions must have the elements of security inbuilt at the inception stage, rather than as an afterthought in the wake of violence against women. Given the emerging demand for safe transport services for women, women-only ride­hailing services(exclusively women drivers for women passengers) have been launched in many countries, such as Riding Pink in Malaysia, LadyDriver and FemiTaxi in Brazil, See-Jane-Go in the USA: there are similar services in India. In Indonesia, where people often hitch rides, two women-only, motorcycle ride-hailing services, LadyJek and Sister Jek, were launched. Some of the other safety checks that can suffer due to contractual relationships between drivers and ride­hailing companies are: alcohol and drug testing; liability 10 Smart mobility in India from an equity perspective