5.0 Recommendations: Practice and policy The Government of India administers and regulates the transportation sector through an apex ministry in consultation with several ministries and organisations at federal and state levels. The additional layer of'smart­ness' in transportation makes administration and regulation more complex. Therefore, smart mobility protagonists and other stakeholders need to be brought into a dialogue with the aim of learning through co­creation and co-production. In this section, we make some recommendations to make smart mobility more socially sustainable even as it continues to be a profit­driven business model. 5.1 Data sharing Private companies running smart mobility services may be reluctant to share travel pattern data of users so the government must mandate sharing that data with all other stakeholders. This will help in understanding overall travel patterns; unmet travel demand; and user profiles and demographics. This is critical for developing a policy for the sector. Gaps may be filled by transit agencies so as to ensure social equity objectives. The Bangalore Political Action Committee(BPAC, 2020) proposed a'data sharing framework' for mobility services to develop data on users. Datasets with the government would be coupled with those datasets, thus adding value to co-creation. In a more open system, mobility service providers would also share data with each other. The Beckn protocol designed by Open Shared Mobility Foundation(a non-profit) co-founded by Indian visionaries promotes and encourages open data infrastructure that induces trust and scales up open data efforts around mobility. Interestingly, the state of Karnataka tabled the 'Karnataka Innovation Authority Bill, 2020' in February 2020, to provide a limited window of exemption to innovators and help regulators frame laws to keep pace with disruptive technologies. Calling it a'regulatory sandbox', BPAC(2020) said that if the Bill is approved, then this sandbox will be available where innovative technologies can experiment and pilot their solutions at specific locations in Bengaluru for a specific time. It provides a legal framework that broadly describes a set of conditions under which innovative technologies can 16 of conditions under which innovative technologies can be tested. The innovator would share data which would help in gauging and assessing the impact of the services in connecting public transit and in reducing congestion. In this way, public transport services can be improved and disruptive services mitigated. 5.2 Integrating social sustainability evaluations into technocratic assessments of transport The public sector needs to make detailed assessments of smart mobility services since it is imperative to have an evidence based understanding of the impact of these services on the environment, social structures and economic sustainability. NITI Aayog(2018) reported that shared mobility has potential benefits such as increasing “...system efficiency, higher asset utilisation and improved connectivity”, while also reducing emissions, and so on. However, it is not clear how they arrived at these conclusions. Currently, there is no evidence of the same. A few surveys have been conducted(Basu, 2019) to understand who are using the services and the charac­teristics of these users. We may speculate, but there is not enough evidence on whether these services are really unaffordable and inaccessible to large economic and social groups in Indian cities. If these services only add on to options available for those who already have access to mobility, then we have overlooked the social sustainability of these solutions. Something that stands out in NITI Aayog's observations is that like other transport solutions, these solutions are also seen primarily from environmental point of view. Transportation as a social good is still not under consider­ation. 5.3 Designing of e-vehicles for women drivers Many surveys on women's safety in public transport have time and again stressed the presence of more women drivers and more women staff in managing and operatingoperating public transport services. This would Smart mobility in India from an equity perspective