delivery and transport logistics service providers. The hard deadline for e-commerce, delivery, and transport logistics service providers to completely migrate to electric vehicles from internal combustion engines is 30 April 2030. The proposed guidelines for passenger transport mandate that bike taxis plying in the mobility space have to necessarily be electronic bikes in order to be authorised as passenger transport vehicles. Discussions have taken place between stakeholders in the gig economy of shared smart mobility and goods delivery in Delhi. Now that the guidelines are finally in place, it is impor­tant to regularly review and appraise the situation and see how some more changes may be required in order to improve the working conditions of the drivers, riding experience of commuters and, more importantly, the social outreach of these services. 5.5 Regulatory mechanisms: Safety, employment and fares A regulatory fare mechanism to include taxis, shared mobility and cab-aggregators was needed and recognised by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways in its'Taxi Policy Guidelines' of 2016. The Motor Vehicle Aggregator guidelines issued in 2020 further increased the compliances operators have to adhere to for getting a license, such as, passenger and driver safety, employment of drivers and fare pricing. The aggregator must ask for, and receive from the police a certificate of good moral character for the driver. § A picture of the driver must be seen on the app so that the passenger can check if s/he is riding with a registered driver. All data must be recorded and kept for a minimum of at least three months and up to a maximum of 24 months. § All vehicles must have a GPS installed and child locks must not be used. § The aggregator should ensure women's safety and protect their rights, and women must be allowed to choose to travel only with women in ride-sharing services if they wish. 5.7 Employment conditions The aggregator must ensure compliances with conditions for drivers according to the guidelines. Some of which are found below. § Drivers must have a complete medical examination, including an eye check-up, done by a hospital. § The aggregator needs to insure their drivers with health and term insurance. Passengers who travel in commercial vehicles owned by cab-aggregators must also be covered by insurance. 5.6 Passenger and driver safety In 2018, NITI Aayog reported that it was necessary to regulate smart mobility services to ensure safety of passengers and drivers. In view of the many cases reported by the media about sexual harassment of women using cab-aggregator services, this conclusion was welcome. As mentioned earlier, it is important to build safety measures at the inception stage, rather than as an afterthought in the wake of violence against women. The guidelines for cab-aggregators, 2020(PIB 2020) have made certain compliances mandatory for cab-aggregators. § Drivers should not have been convicted for any cognizable offence including fraud, vehicle theft, sexual offences and drunken driving in the last three years. § The driver cannot drive for more than 12 hours on a single day. § The aggregator needs to conduct a five-day induction training programme which includes gender and disability sensitisation. 5.8 Rationalising fares The guidelines of 2020 have used a formula to fix the charge from 50 per cent to up to a maximum surge price of 150 per cent of the base fare. Recently, it was reported that intra-city travel in Bengaluru by a ride-hailing service was more expensive than the domestic flight from the city to Mumbai(Banerjee, 2022). Thus, even with fare regulations, these services seem to be extremely expensive in some cities and routes. However, from another perspective, instead of focusing on regulating 18 Smart mobility in India from an equity perspective